Search results for "deficiency [Isoenzymes]"

Dying with or because of invasive fungal infection? The role of immunity exhaustion on patient outcome

2016

De Rosa et al. considered clinical scores, biomarkers and their combination as useful aids for an early antifungal treatment and advocated the adoption of de-escalation therapy in an antifungal stewardship approach as a possible key for a better management of these patients. Authors considered the high burden of invasive fungal infections in terms of patient outcomes and costs and focused on current strategies for their optimization.

2016

Summary Background Timely assessment of the burden of HIV/AIDS is essential for policy setting and programme evaluation. In this report from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we provide national estimates of levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and mortality for 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015. Methods For countries without high-quality vital registration data, we estimated prevalence and incidence with data from antenatal care clinics and population-based seroprevalence surveys, and with assumptions by age and sex on initial CD4 distribution at infection, CD4 progression rates (probability of progre…

Prevalence and Etiology of Community-acquired Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients

2018

Abstract Background The correct management of immunocompromised patients with pneumonia is debated. We evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and characteristics of immunocompromised patients coming from the community with pneumonia. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of an international, multicenter study enrolling adult patients coming from the community with pneumonia and hospitalized in 222 hospitals in 54 countries worldwide. Risk factors for immunocompromise included AIDS, aplastic anemia, asplenia, hematological cancer, chemotherapy, neutropenia, biological drug use, lung transplantation, chronic steroid use, and solid tumor. Results At least 1 risk factor for immunocompromis…

Clinical effectiveness of influenza vaccination after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A cross-sectional prospective observational…

2018

Abstract Background Vaccination is the primary method for preventing influenza respiratory virus infection (RVI). Although the influenza vaccine is able to achieve serological responses in some allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients, its clinical benefits are still uncertain. Methods In this prospective, cross-sectional study, we retrospectively analyzed the effect of inactivated trivalent influenza vaccination on the prevalence of influenza RVI in a consecutive cohort of 136 allo-HSCT adult recipients who developed 161 RVI over 5 flu seasons (from 2013 to 2018). Respiratory viruses in upper– and/or lower–respiratory tract specimens were tested using multi…

Effects of Immunonutrition in Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial (Promaltia Study)

2018

[Background]: While nutritional interventions with prebiotics and probiotics seem to exert immunological effects, their clinical implications in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected subjects initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) at advanced HIV disease remain unclear.

Plasmablastic lymphoma as a manifestation of the human immunodeficiency virus: Case report

2020

Plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, which generally presents an aggressive clinical course and low survival rates. It is strongly associated with HIV infection and the most common site of involvement of the territory of the head and neck is Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring, followed by the gastrointestinal tract, lymph nodes and skin. The morphological characteristics of PBL in the oral cavity / jaw in the context of HIV infection show diffuse sheets of large immunoblastic cells with abundant cytoplasm, vesicular chromatin and prominent nucleus, a small located in the center with plasma cells differentiation. The main goal of this article is to review the literature…

Oral manifestations, salivary flow rates and Candida species in Thai HIV-infected patients

2019

Background Effects of various Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) regimens on oral heath are unclear. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate effects of HAART on oral manifestations, salivary flow rates (SFR) and Candida species in HIV-infected patients who took mostly non-protease inhibitor-based HAART regimens. Material and methods A cross-sectional study was performed on HIV-infected patients taking and never taken HAART who attended Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre (n = 48). Non-HIV subjects were recruited as control (n = 20). Oral conditions and salivary flow rates were evaluated using oral examination and measurement of unstimulated and stimulated saliva. In addition, Candida col…

Gut germinal center regeneration and enhanced antiviral immunity by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in SIV infection.

2021

Although antiretroviral therapy suppresses HIV replication, it does not eliminate viral reservoirs or restore damaged lymphoid tissue, posing obstacles to HIV eradication. Using the SIV model of AIDS, we investigated the effect of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) infusions on gut mucosal recovery, antiviral immunity, and viral suppression and determined associated molecular/metabolic signatures. MSC administration to SIV-infected macaques resulted in viral reduction and heightened virus-specific responses. Marked clearance of SIV-positive cells from gut mucosal effector sites was correlated with robust regeneration of germinal centers, restoration of follicular B cells and T follicular h…

Combined B, T and NK Cell Deficiency Accelerates Atherosclerosis in BALB/c Mice.

2016

This study focused on the unique properties of both the Ldlr knockout defect (closely mimicking the human situation) and the BALB/c (C) inbred mouse strain (Th-2 slanted immune response). We generated two immunodeficient strains with severe combined B- and T-cell immunodeficiency with or without a complete lack of natural killer cells to revisit the role of adaptive immune responses on atherogenesis. C-Ldlr-/- Rag1-/- mice, which show severe combined B- and T-cell immunodeficiency and C-Ldlr-/- Rag1-/- Il2rg-/- mice, which combine the T- and B-cell defect with a complete lack of natural killer cells and inactivation of multiple cytokine signalling pathways were fed an atherogenic Western ty…

Behavioral and clinical characteristics of people receiving medical care for HIV infection in an outpatient facility in Sicily, Italy

2016

Paola Di Carlo,1 Giuliana Guadagnino,1 Palmira Immordino,1 Giovanni Mazzola,2 Pietro Colletti,2 Ilenia Alongi,1 Lucia Adamoli,1 Francesco Vitale,1 Alessandra Casuccio1 1Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care “G D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 2Department of Medicinal Clinics and Emerging Diseases, “Paolo Giaccone” Polyclinic University Hospital, Palermo, Italy Aim: The authors examined a cohort of HIV-positive outpatients at the AIDS Center of Palermo University in Italy in order to identify factors related to the frequency of their visits to the outpatient facility for health care services.Methods: Two hundr…